One question, several references
Sun–Earth distance: an astronomical unit in perspective
149,597,870.7 km: understand the astronomical unit, a Solar System model and about 8 minutes of light travel.
Try it in the explorer →The reference of one astronomical unit
The journey uses one astronomical unit, exactly 149,597,870,700 metres. This is a defined unit of length, not the instantaneous Earth–Sun distance on every date.
If the Sun were eight centimetres across
Earth would have a diameter of about 0.73 mm and lie about 8.59 m from the Sun’s centre. A highly visible dot therefore could not represent Earth to scale without a warning.
Just over eight minutes of light travel
Dividing the adopted distance by 299,792,458 m/s gives about 499 seconds, or 8 minutes and 19 seconds.
This journey’s references
Sources and method
Dimensions and conventions are those of the fact sheets linked above. Illustrations remain interpretations. Providing a documentary source does not independently certify every catalogue value.